Writing learning outcomes and objectives

Creating effective learning outcomes is essential for designing courses that meet educational standards and effectively guide both instruction and assessment. Here’s a detailed guide to help you write clear and impactful learning outcomes:

Steps to write learning outcomes

1. Choose an action verb

Begin with an action verb that specifies the performance you expect from learners. This verb should align with the cognitive level you are targeting, using Bloom’s taxonomy as a reference. For example:

• • Knowledge: Describe, list, identify

  • Comprehension: Explain, summarize, paraphrase

  • Application: Apply, demonstrate, use
  • Analysis: Analyze, compare, contrast
  • Synthesis: Design, construct, create
  • Evaluation: Evaluate, justify, critique

Avoid verbs that are vague and non-measurable like "understand" or "learn."

2. Define the content

Specify the content knowledge or skill area that the learner will demonstrate. This should be directly related to the course material and clearly define what aspect of the content the outcome addresses.

3. Set the context

Clearly state the context or conditions under which the learner will perform the task. This helps clarify where or how the learning can be applied in real-world settings.

4. Ensure alignment with course standards

Ensure that the learning outcome aligns with overall course goals, relevant standards, and industry requirements if applicable.

5. Write concisely

Keep the learning outcome concise and focused. A good learning outcome should be a single sentence, straightforward, and not overloaded with concepts.

Examples

Well-written learning outcomes

1. Evaluate the implications of multiculturalism in New Zealand’s healthcare system.
2. Apply advanced calculus techniques to solve real-world engineering problems.
3. Design a marketing campaign for a start-up using digital tools and social media platforms.

Considerations

• Specificity: Be specific enough to guide learning but broad enough to allow for the application of knowledge.
• Measurability: Use verbs that allow you to measure whether the outcome has been achieved.
• Relevance: Ensure outcomes are relevant to the course and beneficial for the learner's educational and career goals.
• Feasibility: Consider whether the outcomes are achievable within the constraints of the course duration and resources.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your learning outcomes not only guide educational activities and assessments effectively but also align with educational standards and the needs of the learners.